Physical, Emotional, And Sexual Abuse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2221 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Domestic violence is a complex dynamic that is commonly characterized by physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Survivors that identify with a specific faith or spirituality are susceptible to a different type of abuse known as spiritual abuse. Despite the previous history in which faith-based buildings served as sanctuaries, many have closed their doors to help victims in need. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Physical, Emotional, And Sexual Abuse" essay for you Create order According to research, religious texts, traditions, and spiritual counseling have been correlated with the process of healing for many domestic violence victims; however, spirituality is frequently exploited to pardon abuse (Stotland, 2000). Studies reveal that 25% of identified Christians are victims of abuse (Haaken, Fussell Mankowski, 2007). Both famous quotes reiterated by important leaders along with scriptures from faith-based books have the power to re-victimize or shun away devout practitioners. According to research conducted in the U.S., 22% of documented offenders attend church on a regular basis (Nason-Clark, 2004). Further inquiry revealed differences in participation among perpetrators. Individuals who had attended services sporadically were more likely to commit acts of violence towards their spouse versus those who attended services on a consistent basis. Research illustrates differences in rate of abuse among faith-based practices. According to studies, Evangelical Christian men who attend church intermittently have been documented to have higher prevalence of domestic abuse than their Christian counterparts (Haaken, Fussell Mankowski, 2007). Up until the late 1950s, female survivors were glorified in their faith-based communities for enduring an abusive relationship (Haaken, Fussell Mankowski, 2007). Debates among religious and spiritual leaders arose during the womens rights movement, and many disagreed over the interpretation, critical explanation and the relevance in the time frame in which it was written. The deliberation among religious leaders reached its climax during the second half of the 20th century as several Christian denominations proposed and later ordained women into priesthood (Stotland, 2000). The ordination of women caused upheaval in many religious sectors, as the idea proposed equality between the two genders. Spiritual abuse and the perpetuation of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse can be traced back to the years 570 CE (Nason-Clark, 2004). Couples Counseling The majority of clients who identify with Christian denominations confess seeking their religious leaders guidance only to be advised to enroll in faith-based couples counseling. Survey responses reports that 62% of religious leaders provided couples therapy as a solution to domestic abuse (Chisale, 2018). Although some religious leaders have good intentions, couples therapy rarely changes the nature of the abusive relationship as abuse is not a specific relationship matter. Abuse outside the context of a relationship is the manipulation of power over another, and thus a choice of the individual rather than a disconnect of communication. Whether couples or individual counseling is pursued, both require those seeking treatment to take accountability for their actions and modify their behavior which is rarely the case for perpetrators. Instead, perpetrators place the blame on the victim and minimize accountability. Many faith-based leaders conduct the services themselves however, their lack of education on domestic violence reduced their ability to provide effective therapeutic services (Stotland). Survivor testimonials have demonstrated how couples therapy is ineffective and in many cases, escalates the risk of danger for the victim. What a religious leader can perceive as a lack of communication between the couple, can underneath be the victims fear to speak honestly for fear of retaliation. At the same time, when referred to couples therapy many male partners in heterosexual relationships not only refuse to go, but threaten their female counterpart if they attend. On the one hand, you have the perpetrator controlling the counseling session with his presence while also inflicting retribution for involving their religious leader into a private matter. Making haste decisions such as referring couples to counseling cannot only further the abuse, but in some cases make the abuse fatal. Religious Leaders Religious leaders play an important role in maintaining participation among its congregation by preaching and upholding the sanctity of marriage and family. Whether indirectly or intentionally, priest, pastors, Imams, and rabbis have condoned domestic violence among its assembly. Testimonials reveal how counsel given by religious leaders rely on prioritizing marriage or the family over their safety (Chisale, 2018). Common themes among religious leaders responses revolve around victim blaming. Since perpetrators rarely exhibit their violent behaviors in public, many religious leaders along with non-involved faith-based members question the legitimacy of the claims as many are perplexed at the idea that a church member can exert such violence when they do not exhibit behaviors in their place of worship. Similarly, religious leaders react defensively and imply that their own behavior is causing their partner to react violently. Some leaders have suggested that the responsibility of dimi nishing the violence lies on the victims, and any failure to do so reflects on their feeble relationship with their higher power (Chisale, 2018). In spite of the immense strides women have made within Christian denominations, several prominent pastors have publicly defended domestic abuse in the 21st century. Back in 2009, the high-profile evangelical minister John Piper was asked if a woman was abused by her husband what should her submission look like. The ministers response was that she should withstand verbal abuse for a season and experience being slapped at least one day before recurring support from the church (Levitt Ware, 2006). Another influential American pastor Steven Cole verbalized back in 2013 how women must endure both verbal and psychological abuse; however, if physical violence is involved only then should she seek support from the law and her church (Chisale, 2018). As late as 2016, evangelist pastor Kirk Cameron gave a consenting statement to the Christian post which stated how women ought to follow and not attempt to change their husbands, as each spouse submits to their role (Levitt Ware, 2006). Interviews with religious leaders illustrate how some leaders lack of knowledge regarding resources and shelters inadvertently perpetuate the abuse. Jane Doe describes how her Imams (Muslim religious leaders) was very sympathetic to her confession. His response was to pray with her and counsel her to submit to his demands as the man is the spiritual head. Complementary to the advice given, faith-based leaders reiterate common themes along the lines of becoming more submissive, saving the sanctity of marriage, keeping the family unity, and maintaining face (Levitt Ware, 2006). All too commonly, religious leaders do not follow through when abuse is disclosed whether to refer to resources or investigate the matter further. Survivors disclose that many times in order to please their faith-based members they remain in the abusive relationship longer, as leaving the relationship translates to renouncing their faith. Scripture/Religious Texts From the Quran to the Bible, verses have routinely been utilized to illustrate that domestic abuse is Gods will, ultimately condoning the abuse. The verses written in these sacred texts are subjective to interpretation and thus biased. Various sacred texts both covertly and overtly endorse a patriarchal society in which a man dominates over a woman. From this lens, women are taught to obey their husbands and honor God by not going above him (Smith, 2010). Verses such as Ephesians 5:22-23 {Wives, submit to your own husbands. For the husband is the head of the Wife as Christ is the head of the Church}, or 1 Titus 2:3-5 {urge the woman to love their husbands to be self-controlled and pure, and to be subject to their husbands so no one will malign the word of God} create roadblocks for victims as these verses seek to silence them and encourage submission as a form of carrying out Gods will (Sheler, 2010). Additionally, religious texts (Psalms 22 and 55) focus on suffering and how when an individual experiences suffering it is the divine powers form of punishment for previous sins (Smith, 2010). Thus, victims will look into their past actions and recall what would be considered sinful (having sex before marriage, being a bad child growing up, or making a poor decision in marrying their partner in the first place) and acknowledge the current violence as a consequence for their actions. The reiteration of readings from Judges 19:22-29, Deuteronomy 22: 13-21 and Number 5: 11-31 strive to remind women they are merely property and as such must meet all marital obligations willingly and consequently promoting marital rape (Spiegel, 1996). This form of spiritual abuse manipulates religious texts to minimize and rationalize all forms of abuse as Gods divine plan for the victim. Despite the healing process religious writings can have on a victim, the majority have been misinterpreted to perpetu ate the abuse (Sheler, 2010). Who does it affect? Time and time again, sacred passages and their placing of men as the head of the spiritual household have systematically been used to oppress women within their communities of faith. Despite the similarities and differences between the Christian denominations, Jewish practices, and Muslim traditions, they all share the common perpetuation of abuse within the marriage (Akintoke, 2016). Although they have different perspectives in regards to the purpose of suffering, the dynamic of a marriage, divorce, and forgiveness, their shared convictions on these matters further creates an environment of risk and isolation. The secular or religious approach of domestic violence in the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim communities reflects the lack of knowledge and comprehension of the cycle of domestic abuse. The rationalization of abuse by these faith-based practices contributes to the self-blame, guilt and even death of victims. Christians For heterosexual couples who practice Christian teachings, the sanctity of marriage lies within the power for the wife to follow her husband. Both the bible and pastors often give wives instructions on what their marriage should look like. However, these directives are rarely given to men (Stotland, 2000). The most widely used are based on scriptures that state women should submit to their husband which is misinterpreted as submitting to abuse. The expectations of a husband and wife in regards to physical and even sexual contact are mentioned, and describe the need for mutual respect. Nevertheless, even though there are over ten scriptures referencing a husbands respect towards his wife, the only scriptures and directives given in public services and in a personal affair is that of a womans duty to submit (Haaken, Fussell Mankowski, 2007). Marriage in many cultures, religions, and traditions is viewed as a permanent union. Divorce despite being a legal right for all is not an option for many victims. Vows such as til death do us part are more often than not taken into literal translation even when there is a high risk of death in an abusive home (Sheler, 2000). Even if a wife is able to obtain her divorce from the courts, the annulment process within the Christian denominations places victims in a vulnerable position to be revictimized. Commonly, women who initiated the process were denied an annulment despite having evidence of the abuse filed in court. For female victims who were able to obtain an interview with the panel, countless were frequently subjected to the questioning of whether or not they baited the husband and even questioned her morals as well as her judgment (Sheler, 2000). Testimonials reveal how the churchs aggressive position against divorce deters many victims from even considering asking support from the clergy. The common doctrinal assumption states that a marriage regardless of abuse is better than no marriage, and thus should be conserved. The Ten Commandments are considered to be the laws to which one as child of God should follow, and yet like scriptures have been manipulated to rationalize abuse. The fourth commandment which states one should honor their father and mother has been routinely utilized by parents to misuse their authority and coerce their children to endure physical, psychological and sexual abuse. The frequent psychological abuse endured within the Christian community has caused many victims to disassociate with a parish, and for some turn away from God. Jews Suffering is a common theme in the Torah (Jewish holy book) and both the literal translation and the rabbis interpretation of suffering view it as divine punishment for sinful behaviors. The majority of the prayers observed on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur reflect the repentance of wrongdoing and accept abuse per their belief that it is a divine consequence (Ben-Porat, Levy, Kattoura, Dekel, Itzhaky, 2017). Similar to the Christian faith, Judaism asserts that suffering is needed as a motivation for spiritual growth, and thus the sufferer is to accept and embody the abuse. According to the faith, those servants who suffer most are the ones HaShem (God) loves the most (Ben-Porat et al., 2017). To surrender to hardships is to prove ones worthiness of HaShems love (Ben-Porat et al., 2017). Kiddushin is the sanctification of marriage within the Jewish community. According to scripture (Gen. 2:18) HaShem declares it is not favorable for humans to be alone, and thus Jews view marriage as fundamental for self-realization (Spiegel, 1996). An essential value within the faith is peace within the home also known as Shalom Bayit (Rubin, Mills, 2007). However, the responsibility of maintaining the peace within the home lies on the wife on several occasions, and thus encouraging the continuation of abuse (Rubin, Mills, 2007). Unlike the Christian marriage, ceremony Jews do not incorporate the ?til death do us part. Although Jews view marriage as the primary religious obligation and thus an everlasting commitment, they take into consideration the intricate complex dynamic that it takes to maintain a marriage. Undoubtedly, Jews recognize that divorce may be an imperative decision for some couples, yet the bill of divorce was i.

Essay on How Debt Affects Americans - 822 Words

There is a widespread concern about rising levels of debt. Debt can become disastrous for those who live alone or those families who are already having problems with supporting their family. The people who might be struck by debt, they might have trouble recovering. Debt can cause Americans to lose their homes and stability they need to feed, and shelter their families. Although debt comes upon us Americans quickly, people can see debt as terrible thing to be stuck with. It has many disadvantages that can devastate to people. Within debt there are subtopics that can be debated. We have the poor and the people who are living in poverty. Poverty is seen as a big problem within America. â€Å"It is defined as the state of not having enough†¦show more content†¦Except it has become challenging to pay for the education those people want. â€Å"More than 3 quarters of Americans say it has become more difficult to pay for college in the past few years†(Marello). The Ameri can dream has become almost impossible for those who are in debt. With the cost of college increasing people turn to work so that they can have some sort of income to be able to support themselves. Even for those who move to America to achieve the American dream. Everyone is being affected by the rise in debt. â€Å"Households with high income generally have lower debt-to-income ratios†(Pressman). The rich may not become poor or fall into poverty because of the debt, but in the long run those people with high income would see a change in the money they have made and where it has gone. As people fall into debt they can see how it decreases the stability of living. â€Å"The refunds and subsidies are sometimes banked for savings towards a car, house, an education; but they are often needed immediately for overdue bills and large purchases†(Shipler 13). 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Due to this fact, students from lower to middle income families have to borrow loans to reduce their burden. The number of college students who are struggling with repayments for their loans as well as increased debt is increasing year after year which can lead to more serious problems. According to the report by Forbes (2013), United States already had $1.2 trillionRead MoreShould College Tuition Be Lowered Significantly?1365 Words   |  6 Pagesabruptly though once you start realizing how much college will cost. According to a CBS Money Watch poll, only 0.3% of incoming freshman will get a full-ride scholarship. If you’re the other 99.7%, then college will cost you, which will result in considerable debt. While some argue that college debt is worth it, others argue that this debt is crippling. College tuition should be lowered significantly because it places students under overwhelming amounts of debt. Why should college tuition even get

The Effectively Online Study in Student Uitm

Question: How online learning system influence IPT students from the various demographic background through interactive multimedia. Answer: Introduction According to many significant studies, this chapter includes the study that how online learning system influence IPT students from the various demographic background through interactive multimedia. In addition, this chapter also covers the background of the study, research problems, research questions, research objectives, research hypothesis, conceptual framework, the scope of the study. In order to provide a proper structure to research the research theoretical and conceptual framework has been used by many researchers. Background of the Study This study is based on the efficiency of online learning which includes which includes interactive learning materials through multimedia for developing the education system. With the help of this advanced and transformation changes the whole teaching and learning system can be modified in the way to help students understanding through interactive multimedias learning material. On the other hand, this interactive multimedia learning martial provides a high-quality learning environment in order to deliver more accurate information to the students. In addition, in order to provide higher learning technologies to the institutions and universities, the government of Malaysia has introduced Multimedia Super Corridor or MSC. Apart from that, in terms of features of interactive multimedia such as sound, images, graphics and videos can boost the learning experience of the students (Gayeski, 2002). Problem Statement The main problem to implement this interactive learning process through online is that the understanding of traditional learner's attitude on the instructional tool in interactive multimedia is completely different from the attitude of modern learners. In other sense, traditional students are facing more difficulty to adapt the way of interactive learning style such as online education in student UiTM while the students of the modern century can easily adapt the learning style of interactive multimedia through the internet. Moreover, the tool of the online education process in student UiTM is very difficult and hard to adapt in a short time by the traditional students. Objective of the Study The research objectives influence the observation power of the researcher, and this study is to observe the student understanding of online education system. The research objectives are discussed below: To determine the understanding of the online education system in student UiTM. To identify the function of the online education system in student UiTM. To examine the types of students learning style on the online education system in student UiTM. Research Question What is the understanding of the online education system in student UiTM? What is the function of the online education system in student UiTM? How many types of student's learning style on the online education system in student UiTM? Defination of Terms Qualitative research: this research is based on secondary data collection method which includes the resources of books, journals, documents and web. Quantitative research: this research is based on primary data or first-hand source which includes the answers of respondents. Scope and Limitation of the Study Talking about the scope of the research which determine the significance of the study. In other words, learning materials through online study are expanding all over the world. There are various types of students from different faculty might have an individual way of the learning process. Moreover, this study just includes a small percentage of a huge scale of students in UiTM at the age of 20-24 years old students. In other words, the aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of online education system in student uitm (Mitchell, 2010). In terms of limitations of the study is that the research instruments are very expensive and includes a time-consuming data analysis process. In addition, taking the response from each student is not possible. Significance of Study This study is focused on the potential advantages of online study in the student through the interactive multimedia tool. Online education includes various types of facilities which help the students to expand the way of gathering information. Moreover, different kind of sections which are influenced by the significance of online study in student UiTM disused below; Individual With the help of this online education, an individual student can gain knowledge through the internet which is an unlimited resource, so there is no obstruction has been faced by the student while learning the process (Mitchell, 2010). Institution The institutions which provide online education are creating no barriers for gaining knowledge of students. Moreover, students do not have to physically present at the institution premises for participating learning procedure. In other sense, this study explores that students can study online and give examination through the internet by submitting report copies without visiting the institution premises. Technology Improvement This study is based on the online education in student unit which influenced by the internet and the web. Talking about the technology improvement that explored through internet and MS office provides help to students for studying online. On the other hand, interactive multimedia as an aspect of the online education system which is the most powerful source of the learning process. Future Research There are many research and studies already explored the significance of online education system and this study also lead an option to expand the scope of students knowledge and information. In addition, the researchers who will be done in future can get valuable information from this study. Literature review This chapter includes the reviews of different authors and researchers which provide valuable information for this study. The discussion about the significance of online education in student UiTM is based on some specific factors of the literature review. According to Rogers, the online education can improve the learning power of students and as well as provide a free learning environment. On the other hand, as indicated by Cairncross, online education leads an opportunity to gain knowledge through audio-visual formats(Aguinaldo, 2013). Methodology The research methodology is a significant factor in the research proposal which comprises numerous sections such as research design, research instrument, data collection, and analysis. The researcher can make a noteworthy conclusion for the research proposal through research methodology. In terms of segments of the research methodology which are discussed below for better understanding: Research Design The research design provides a proper structure to the research. The related reach comes to the expansion and procedure for intuition perspective for the research course of action. However, an important part ought to have been portrayed by the issues that show the way towards instructive approaches in a research proposal. In addition, they are reflected in the techniques which are being connected with this research to have a more wide thought in regards to the subject. Research Instrument Research requires equipment and instruments to complete research process such as interview formats, questionnaire, SPSS software, MS Office, etc. through these instruments, the researcher can conduct a successful research(Aguinaldo, 2013). Data Collection Data collection is divided into two significant parts such as primary data and secondary data. Additionally, the primary data is considered as the immediate resource which has never been appropriated and it termed as those data which are assembled in the Association. In other sense, the researcher has accumulated the data from the respondents of the study. Beside that the secondary data are such data whose data has been gathered as of now from the sources like books, articles, web, and conveyed enunciation and government reports. Thus, this research will get a handle on both wellsprings of data collection methods to meet the centers, goals, and investigation questions. In the other side, the secondary data will be accumulated from circulated documents and online records(Zeng Zhao, 2012). Data Analysis Data analysis is done not long after the collection of proper data. Aside from that, the vital focus of the researcher lies here just, as from the amassed data fitting elucidation. Also, proposals must be set up by the expert that necessities to hand over to the institution. Moreover, data are being explored by the investigator by applying particular systems and methodology, for instance, graphs, rehash tables, and, the researcher utilizes SPSS programming which utilized by the researcher as a part of a requesting to examinations the data sensibly and gainfully also. Population and Sampling Technique The people who will take part in this study are known as respondent. It is not possible to take opinion from each and every person, so the researcher will take sample size people who will provide answers. Target Population Both male and female students of UiTM are target population but taking the response from everyone is very difficult. The researcher will take 20 students as sample size respondent. Sample Size The research sample mirrors the effect or the way of the theme through the important conclusions of respondents. Though it is unrealistic to take criticism from every last unique individual along these lines; the researcher took a sample size students who contribute their sentiments to make the research proposal effective. Sampling Technique Procedure The research process gives a legitimate structure to the research proposal which helps the researcher to direct an effective research proposal. Aside from that, the research process incorporates some particular parts, for example, the arrangement of the questionnaire, organizing interviews, building up the ethnomethodology which is gotten to by the researcher(Zeng Zhao, 2012). Conclusion This study evaluates the significance of online study student in UiTM through various types of research segments. With the help of interactive multimedia like image, sound, video and graphics of online education system influence the knowledge of a student. In addition, the student can experience more effective learning experience through this online education system student in UiTM. References Aguinaldo, B. (2013). Implementing Blended Learning in an Impoverished Academic Institution Using a Bricolage Approach Model. Gayeski, D. (2002).Learning unplugged. New York: AMACOM. Mitchell, R. (2010).Online education. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. Zeng, X. Zhao, Z. (2012). Design of Data Collection System on Flow Velocity Collection in Small Hydropower Stations.

Punk Rock Artists free essay sample

The medias impression of punk rock culture lacks a more complete understanding of the purpose of punk rock artists and their music. Punk rock is made up of a distinct type of music. According to the article Industrial Subculture- The Mutated Child of Punk, the media believes punk music is nothing more than screeching vocals, distorted instruments, and the explicit use of foul language. They do not understand why punk rock artists create the type of music they depict as crashing, destruction, and chaos. Punks do not want to belong to a world that is ruled by hypocrisy and insincerity, and they escape from reality through their music.The band Green Days song Minority is composed of lyrics that express this mentality. The lead singer and guitarist, Billy Joe Armstrongs words cause I want be the minority/ I don t need your authority/ Down with the moral majority/ Cause want to be the minority, are sincere and portray how punks do not wish to fit in to a society where they are told what to do and are not able to be individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Punk Rock Artists or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, other lyrics in the song that demonstrate the punk mentality to be nonconformists include phrases such as there of which I tend alone and like a sheep runs from the herd. The article also states that the only emotion of this culture is anger against the world. On the other hand, punk rockers put their anger and controversial views into music instead of letting it out in a different, more violent way. The song Ive Had It by Black Flag, exemplifies the bands anger towards their life with the lyrics l cant go to work/ The boss is a jerk/ I anti got time for this school/ The [people] are fools/ Im going to Explode/ Ive had it. Writing songs similar to this allows punks to be completely happy and comfortable people in society.

About His Person By Simon Armitage Essays

About His Person By Simon Armitage Essays About His Person By Simon Armitage Paper About His Person By Simon Armitage Paper During my video a man whose voice is slightly eerie but very crisp and clear particularly when there are other sound effects will read the poem About His Person by Simon Armitage. I decided this because the poem is as if a policeman is reading a dead persons belongings. The video will begin with a very bright image of a dead man who is lying on a concrete floor it will be as if the sun is shining into the camera lens. Concrete can symbolise the coldness and harshness of the world that has partially led to the mans death. Some of the images that are evoked by the words of the poem will be represented by the images shown. But this will not be the case all the time, as I do not want the video to be overly literal. The video will always return to the image of the dead man as this is the most important image and should remain in the audiences mind. Some of the images will be symbolic of specific events for example the shot which shows flowers being ruthlessly trampled on represents the end of the relationship between the man and the woman. The only other character in the video is the woman with who the relationship has ended with. She is pictured crying over a suicide not left by the man. The sound of her crying is vital and is continued for several shots after to emphasize how upset she is. Sound is also used to interpret some of the words of the poem. When the words a brace of keys are said keys ate heard rattling. This sound is very distinctive and is followed by the tick tock of a clock, which stops abruptly symbolizing the end of the mans life. The audience is shown where the man has slit his wrist. This shot is very dramatic and shocking and will remain in the audiences mind. This shot will have a red tinge which will add the image of blood and dramatic mood. An important image of the video is that of the photo which the appears in the mans wallet and the womans locket. This shows how happy they were together and how they both cherished the relationship that they shared. It must have been very important to both of them because they kept the happy image of them both together close to them. The photo shows them happy and in love which they no longer are. The last image of the ring wobbling is symbolic of the end of their relationship too as it has been dropped. It is the mans ring and he has taken it off before slitting his wrists. Whilst this image is on the scene the words that was everything are spoken this indicated that the mans relationship was everything and that is why when it ended he felt that is live was over and so ended it abruptly and before his time. The overall mood of the video is one of extreme sadness as the man has killed himself due to the end of his relationship with the women. The video aims to explain the poem somewhat but still leave lots of unanswered question therefore not ruining the mystery. The audience is still left with many unsolved theories and so each viewer can make up their own mind and fabricate their own story behind the poem.

Write a Great First Sentence and Introductory Paragraph

Write a Great First Sentence and Introductory Paragraph The introductory paragraph of any paper, long or short, should start with a sentence that piques the interest of your readers.   In a well-constructed first paragraph, that first sentence leads into  three or four sentences that provide details about the  subject you address in the body of your essay. These sentences should also set the stage for  your thesis statement. Writing a good thesis statement is the subject of much instruction and training, as its the driver of your research and the subject of your paper. The entirety of your paper hangs on that sentence, which is generally the last sentence of your introductory paragraph and is refined throughout your research and drafting phases. Writing an Intro Paragraph Its often easier to write the introductory paragraph after youve written the first draft of the main part of the paper (or at least sketched out a detailed outline, section by section or paragraph by paragraph). After the drafting stage, your research and main points are fresh in your mind, and your thesis statement has been polished to gleaming. Its typically honed during the drafting stage, as research may have necessitated its adjustment. At the start of a large writing project, it can also be intimidating to put those first words down, so its often easier to begin composing in the middle of the paper and work on the introduction and conclusion after the meat of the report has been organized, compiled, and drafted. Construct your introductory paragraph with the following: An attention-grabbing first sentenceInformative sentences that build to your thesisThe thesis statement, which makes a claim or states a view that you will support or build upon Your First Sentence As you researched your topic, you probably discovered some  interesting anecdotes, quotes, or trivial facts. This is exactly the sort of thing you should use for an engaging introduction. Consider these ideas for creating a strong beginning. Surprising fact: The Pentagon has twice as many bathrooms as are necessary. The famous government building was constructed in the 1940s when segregation laws required that separate bathrooms be installed for people of African descent. This building isn’t the only American icon that harkens back to this embarrassing and hurtful time in our history. Across the United States, there are many examples of leftover laws and customs that reflect the racism that once permeated American society. Humor: When my older brother substituted fresh eggs for our hard-boiled Easter eggs, he didn’t realize our father would take the first crack at hiding them. My brother’s holiday ended early that particular day in 1991, but the rest of the family enjoyed the warm April weather, outside on the lawn, until late into the evening. Perhaps it was the warmth of the day and the joy of eating Easter roast while Tommy contemplated his actions that make my memories of Easter so sweet. Whatever the true reason, the fact remains that my favorite holiday of the year is Easter Sunday. Quotation: Hillary Rodham Clinton once said, â€Å"There cannot be true democracy unless womens voices are heard.† In 2006, when Nancy Pelosi became the nation’s first female Speaker of the House, one woman’s voice rang out clearly. With this development, democracy grew to its truest level ever in terms of women’s equality. The historical event also paved the way for Senator Clinton as she warmed her own vocal cords in preparation for a presidential race. Finding the Hook In each example, the first sentence draws the reader in to find out how the interesting fact leads to a point. You can use many methods to capture your reader’s interest. Curiosity: A duck’s quack doesn’t echo. Some people might find a deep and mysterious meaning in this fact†¦ Definition: A homograph is a word with two or more pronunciations. Produce is one example†¦ Anecdote: Yesterday morning I watched as my older sister left for school with a bright white glob of toothpaste gleaming on her chin. I felt no regret at all until she stepped onto the bus†¦ Supporting Sentences The body of your introductory paragraph should fulfill two functions: It should explain your first sentence and it should build up to your thesis statement. Youll find that this is much easier than it sounds. Just follow the pattern you see in the above examples. During the revision stage for the paper as a whole, you can make further refinements to the introduction as needed.

The Moussaoui Trial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Moussaoui Trial - Case Study Example The prosecution, and public opinion, pursued the charges on the basis of the emotional tidal wave in the wake of 9/11. By legal standards, the trial was questionable, though technically correct. By moral and ethical standards, Moussaoui did not have an opportunity for a fair trial under the intent of the law and was convicted as an example as the only living perpetrator loosely connected to Al Queda's 9/11 action. The Federal Bureau of Investigation had lost credibility with their under handling of the Moussaoui situation in late August 2001. After extensive questioning of Moussaoui the FBI was convinced that he has some connection to a terrorist network. According to testimony by FBI agent Harry Samit, there were multiple signs of a possible terrorist link. Samit testified, I was aware that frequently terrorists to mask suspicious travel or frequent travel, that couldn't be explained by their job or by their nationality, would regularly destroy passports accidentally or report them stolen in order to mask that travel, so they weren't carrying incriminating entry and exit stamps ("Testimony", 888). Clearly Moussaoui fit all these criteria for suspicion. However, the most the FBI could legally charge Moussaoui with was a Visa violation. He was arrested on August 17, but posted bond and was released on August 20, 2001 ("Testimony", 898). Moussaoui's arrest and quick release was the result of disinterested attitudes by FBI administrators as well as policies that were legally hampered by bureaucracy. In the retrospect of 9/11, the FBI had an image to protect. As a map to the road the trial was to take, we need to look no farther than the opening statement of U.S. attorney Robert Spencer. Though there was never any evidence that Moussaoui had any detailed knowledge of 9/11 prior to the action, the prosecution painted a different picture. In his opening remarks, Spencer declares, "One of the people in that plan, one of the conspirators is among us still, right here in this courtroom today. That man is the defendant, Zacarias Moussaoui" ("Opening Statement", 22). The government's case rested to a large degree on the fact that Moussaoui had lied to Federal agents in August 2001. But were the lies responsible for 9/11' Did Moussaoui have detailed or even cursory information of the imminent attack' Spencer contends that he did when he states in the opening statement, "And with that lie, his part, he caused the deaths of nearly 3,000 people, the destruction of the Trade Towers in New York, part of the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and four co mmercial aircraft" ("Opening Statement", 24). The FBI's assertion and Spencer's opening remarks are refuted by the written testimony given by Sheikh Kahlid Mohammed. Sheikh Mohammed contends that, "[...] Missaoui did not know Atta and there was never any contact between the two of them" ("Substitution", 3). Missaoui may have had intentions of carrying out a future attack, but evidence does not show that he had any involvement in 9/11. Mohammed further explains Missaoui's role and claims that he was to participate in a second wave of attacks that had not yet been planned and had not even been formulated to the point of deciding the type of attack ("Substitution", 39). Though Mohammmed

Understanding the experiences of special education students who did Dissertation

Understanding the experiences of special education students who did not complete high school - Dissertation Example The purpose of this qualitative case study is to identify the common experiences of special education students who decide to drop-out of high school and the common factors that contribute to the decision to drop-out of high school. The case study will be comprised of male and female special education high school students who dropped out of school at Ridgeville High School (pseudonym for a Virginia high school) during their third and fourth years in the school years 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. The sample population will consist of students between the ages of 16-20. The sampling size will be 15 although 33 students will be initially contacted. The study will be a phenomenological study and will therefore be conducted by virtue of semi-structured interviews designed to identify the common experiences of students who dropped out of school close to graduation. The results of the semi-structured interview will be compared and analysed by virtue of a qualitative data analysis. The results wil l be coded and categorized generally using a phenomenological reductionism method. Once the data are collated and sorted and commonalities are identified, all possible conclusions will be analysed so that a final conclusion can be drawn. Using information from interviews with recent dropouts from Ridgeville High School, in conjunction with findings from current literature, this study will contribute to the development of recommendations for more effective dropout prevention programs for special education students. Descriptors: Achievement gap Disability Drop-out Drop-out prevention IDEA 2004 Dropping out IEP Inclusion NCLB QDA Special Education Student Engagement ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 2 Problem Statement 12 Purpose of the Study 15 Research Questions 15 Scope of the Study 16 Limitations and Delimitations 17 Definition of Terms 19 Research Plan 21 CHAPTER TWO 24 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 4 Introduction 24 Overview 25 Institutional reasons for dropping out 38 School belonging and dropout rates 44 Special education services and dropout rates 47 Exit exams 49 Inclusion: Does it reduce dropout rates? 54 Teachers and inclusion 64 Dropout prevention programs 71 IEP programming 74 Transition programming 76 Programs attending to social and academic elements of student lives: Finn’s participation-identification model of school engagement-belonging 79 School belonging and engagement and special education 91 Case studies of best practice school engagement programs that have improved the retention level of special education students in high school 98 Conclusion 102 CHAPTER THREE 104 METHODOLOGY 104 Introduction 104 Research Questions 105 Design 106 Active Observation 112 Intensive Interview 113 Data Collection Procedures 116 In-depth Interviews 117 The Researcher’s Role 120 Qualitative Data Analysis 120 The Coding Process

He Loved Light, Free

He Loved Light, Freedom and Animals and Pneuomconiosis Essay Both poems are about death and the acceptance of death although are written from different perspectives and are different for the fact that in He loved light, freedom and animals by Mike Jenkins the young boys death was quite a shock, but it could have been prevented whereas in Pneumoconiosis written by Duncan Bush the mans death is inevitable, there is nothing he can do to change it. Both poems also have connection with coalmines. Pneumoconiosis is a disease caught from working down in the mines, and the background of He loved light, freedom and animals is about a mining disaster that happened in Aberfan where a slag heap on the side of a mountain collapsed and engulfed parts of the small town. The first poem I studied was Pneumoconiosis, and as the title suggests, the poem is about the killing lung disease that many coalminers suffered and died from. Pneumoconiosis was renames The Dust by the sufferers because it was mainly caused by inhalation of a lot of dust. The dust would get trapped in the lungs and made breathing difficult, and eventually killed after many years of effecting colliers lives. Duncan Bush wrote in the form of an old retired coalminer who is slowly dying from the disease. The elderly man is now feeling the effects of the disease more than ever. He shows his feelings towards the disease and reflects to his past. The poor man worked down in the mines for thirty years without realising the fatality of his coughing and breathing difficulties but now he begins to see the truth, hes now walking at a much slower pace and can not talk as fast and fluent. The constant repetition of the line I try not to think about it gives us the impression that in the back of his mind he cannot help the feeling of ominous foreboding that his life will soon be coming to an end. He is worried about when his death will come but doesnt want the remainder of his life to be a misery. The opening line, This is the Dust is an introduction to the illness, it simply tells us what the whole poem and the title is about. The second line then describes it as Black diamond dust. It is a good way of describing the dust from the coal, as coal is similar to diamond in many ways. They are both valuable, and a fair amount of coal sparkles, as diamonds do. We understand that the man came from the South Wales valleys; the poet shows this by adding boy at the end of the line and uses informal English to punctuate his accent which symbolizes the location of the industry. It is a personal poem, Darren Bush is writing in the first person as though he is the old man telling his story I had thirty years in it. This is affective because we can relate with his character better by understanding what he is going through and feeling. The man was happy in his work back in the day; he didnt have the slightest idea that one day working there would lead him to his death. A laughing red mouth He would be covered at work in black dirt, and his mouth would stand out, as it was the only clean part of him. We realize the first symptoms of his illness when he used to spit smuts black but obviously, he was unaware and didnt realize the cause of his spluttering. The poet uses alliteration to describe the young collier suffering, the hard constant s conveys the way the sound the man made and it stands out. In the second verse, the man continues telling us about the disease he suffers from and points out the fact that he accepts it and he bravely admits he will die with it. The poet cleverly uses the line its had forty years in me now which follows the line I had thirty years in it. This shows that he is quite old, because he retired ten years ago. The disease isnt only affecting his inside; his illness is visible like my blued scars. The scars are a part of him that wont go away, he can not erase them. The sufferer tells us how he gets by from day to day and how things have changed since hes been ill in the third verse. There are a few pauses in the third stanza which conveys the shortness of breath the man has. One step at a time; especially the stairs. It is quite jerky, as I can imagine his breathing and talking would be like. He then goes on to talk about his past and his experiences. His own brother also died of Pneumoconiosis, so he knows what he is facing. He explains that he saw his brothers last moment, which I think is very emotional. Although he seems calm, he must be quite frightened that he will be going through the same thing. He doesnt want to let the image of his brother that will always be with him scare him. The description the poet uses about the brothers last moment are very good, and give us a vivid image of how much he struggled worse than a hooked carp drowning in the air. The last three lines of the poem are very emotional and sad, he emphasises his slow walk and the occasional cough he lets out involuntary by telling people to know him as that man. This shows that the illness has effected him so much, he is different to a lot people when he used to be as healthy as the rest. After reading the poem, I admire the character in the poem because he can handle and accept his death, rather than complain and give up all hope. He is trying to lead his life as normal as possible and trying not to make the last of his life a misery which I respect. Another poem I studied was He loved light, freedom and animals. Mike Jenkins writes as if he is the father and he reminisces and remembers happy memories he shared with his son. He doesnt believe that his son is dead and in his mind the boy is still as lively as ever. The disaster of Aberfan happened on the 21st of October in 1966. The slagheap was balancing on a mountain overlooking the small village. The flood of waste had slipped and rushed down the mountain shattering homes, farms and the village school, which killed 116 young villagers. Critics say that the disaster should never had happened and young, innocent peoples lives such as the character in the poems son shouldnt have been lost. The poem contains many good descriptions that create strong images of both the child and the slag heap. This creates a good balance of positive and negative emotion in the poem. The images of the slagheap and the child are a complete contrast to one another; the descriptions of the boy are happy and beautiful foe example his eyes gleamed as gorse-flowers do now whereas the slagheap is described by the use of dark, depressing phrases such as tumour on the hillside burst and the black blood coal. The unpleasant phrase of the tumour growing on the top of the mountain reminds us of illness and gives us the thought people would want to stay as far away from it as possible. But tumours can be detected and defused, like the slagheap, it could have been manually moved but nobody had thought of the consequences until it was too late. The poet refers to the characters son throughout the poem, almost in every stanza which I believe makes the poem very interesting. It also shows that he will always think of his son, and will not give up the happy thoughts. He remembers the things he used to do when he was happiest. His son would be in the classroom waving an answer like a greeting. This emphasises how very enthusiastic and eager the boy was and obviously he was a pupil who enjoyed school, but it was there where he had died. When the poor boy was pulled out, the poet writes that his son must have been like a child collier, dragged out of one of Butes mines. A child collier would have been in a very dangerous job, and often lost their lives. They would come out of the mines hurt and covered in black dust but his son wasnt a collier, he was at school. School is meant to be a safe place, but not for the pupils on the day of the disaster. A good example of a simile in the poem is the one about the son and his mother shown in the last stanza. Ears attuned as a ewes in lambing. The connection the boy had with his mother was like no other, his mother can still hear his laugh and like and ewe and a lamb, she was attuned to her son. This is a good way of showing that they were close, and his mother is lost without him. She will always recognize his laugh, and can still hear it clearly in her head. The parents of the boy will always remember him as they last seen him, young, healthy and happy. They will be hearing his laughs springing down the slopes for a long time. Mike Jenkins uses personification in his poem to make it more alive and colourful. An example of him using personification is shown in the fourth verse, he creates a character out of the slagheap when the poet describes it s if it has a greedy belly that ate up all the children and villagers. The tone of the poem is conversational, the father tells us as the reader about his son, and about his sons death. Its a dramatic poem, and is very emotional. Both negative and Positive feelings are shown in the poem. Although the theme of the poem is sad, the lines about the boy are happy; they are lines that bring a smile to the readers faces. In a way this makes us feel even sorrier for the father and makes it more emotional. The lines about the slag heap are bitter, expressing the fathers feelings towards it. In my opinion, the fact that the poem begins with a line about the grave No grave can contain him and then ends with a line about the grave I try to foster the inscription, away from its stubborn stone is clever. It emphasizes the fact that he is in his grave and will not do the things that were mentioned in the middle of the poem, he will not be climbing a tree again or calling out names. I personally enjoyed reading this poem because I felt I could relate to the father, as it was from a personal point of view and can relate to the loss of someone special. It was very emotional and made me sympathize for the mother and father. It was unfair for the innocent, fragile boy to die in such a horrific accident and it made me angry that people had not thought of the consequences they were facing by putting the slagheap on top of the mountain. Both poems are very successful in creating sad emotions, and also anger and frustration. In He loved Light, Freedom and Animals, anger is created because the boy and his classmates were so young when they died, and they didnt deserve to have their lives taken away. In Pneumoconiosis, anger is created because the old man had been affected by the dust silently, and is expecting his death. This is very frustrating, as there is nothing we as the reader can do to change what has happened and what is going to happen. In my opinion, He love Light, Freedom, and Animals made the biggest impact to my emotions. As the child was only young, it is easy to relate to, and it makes the reader realize that life can be cut so short, although Pneumoconiosis is also very emotional, as the reader acknowledges the long term effects miners suffer. He has been, and is still fighting bravely but he knows he cant hold on forever.

Northern Californias Coastal Redwoods :: Essays Papers

Northern California's Coastal Redwoods ~A Brief Overview ~ "chain saw rising, whining out of a cut, falling thump of a log, limbed & bucked & loaded and where it spills over rocks as if another truck pulling back up the ridge, empty only there-- there was no hearing it only water and the rock where it turns the water singing the forest cut down and there only rock to hear it fall." GRAPH The average Redwood's life spans from around 800 to 1500 years. These anciet Redwoods were here when the dinosaurs roamed the earth, and 65 million years later we can now stroll through these living artifacts in coastal California. Typically people think that redwood forests are made up entirely of redwoods. But that isn't so--a healthy old-growth redwood forest is a mix of redwoods, deciduous trees, ferns, vines, flowers and wildlife. Giant redwoods are so tall, dense, and so crowded in the canopy, that some ground areas rarely see the sunlight, and little grows beneath these large giants. But whenever a tree does fall by Mother Nature or man, it leaves a gaping hole, that goes noticed. GRAPH Redwoods were named for the color of their bark and heartwood. These trees have a high resistance to fungus and diseases due to the high tanin content in the wood. The dense, fibrous bark has an even higher content, and acts as an insulator from periodic fires which have plagued the countryside for centuries. Though these trees are immense, they have delicate foliage. The needles are narrow and sharp-pointed, and combine to form feathery sprays. The cones are an inch long and typically contain fourteen to twenty-four seeds. The older trees offspring sprout form their parents' roots in order to take advantage of the established root system. GRAPH

Education system

IntroductionExtant literature proposes that there are several differences between private and public schools in term of administration, installations and even the course of study. These surveies do nevertheless enter both the similarities and differences of these establishments every bit good as the controversial facets of these establishments ‘ constructions. Like other states of the universe, Kuwait has besides assorted factors that affect the running of public and private schools. In this context, it is true that many several pupils experience and see the difference that exists between private and public schools. The general consensus nevertheless is that private schools are better as compared to the public schools as postulated by Hannaway ( 1991 ) when he argued that † private schools perform better due to greater school degree liberty and their reactivity to the demands of pupils and parents. † Public schools have ever paid for higher instruction plans out of general public revenue enhancement. This has prompted several pupils to pay small or no tuition fees at all and has besides enabled figure of admittances in the public schools as compared to the small or instead fewer admittance in the more expensive private establishments. Most pupils have been able to derive entree to public establishments for higher instruction through selective tests plans ; this is chiefly in an attempt to hold of quality instruction and better public presentation in these schools which normally enjoy equal authorities support. Due to the difference in pupils abilities and competition in public schools, pupils with low ability have a pick of increasing their instruction degree or being uneducated depending on their fiscal capablenesss. This merely means that a pupil with a low ability can every bit be enrolled in a private school but after paying full tuition money which is ever really expensive. On the other manus, a pupil with low ability and lacks adequate fundss remains uneducated. But surveies have shown that there is an increasing demand for public schools due to high demand of higher quality instruction coupled with high degree of pupils ‘ competition for the authorities funded learning chances. Overview of the Kuwaiti Education system The Kuwaiti instruction system in the early twentieth century comprised of really basic instruction that was delivered through really few Koranic schools with support from the assorted affluent Kuwaiti citizens. The Koranic schools chief taught the pupils how to read write and work out. The initial measure towards the modern instruction system began in 1921.Thse schools chiefly concentrated on the instruction of commercialism and mathematics. It was later on that that composing accomplishments were introduced. In 1967, it became necessary to compulsory to inscribe pupils or instead school traveling kids to primary schools ( Kjeilen,2009 ) . The Kuwaiti authorities dedicated a really big amount of money in support of its educational system. The authorities besides has made attempts to device plans that aid in bettering the entry of the Kuwaiti adult females from instruction establishments to their professional work life.A considerable per centum of the Kuwaiti instruction is made up of private schools with approximately 40 % being in the kindergartens and secondary class. The private schools are chiefly financed by aliens while the tuition fees and other subsidies are derived from authorities support. In a nutshell, the Kuwaiti instruction system ranks really high and attending is unfastened to both sexes. The Kuwaiti instruction is besides mandatory and free for all the Kuwaiti citizens. Social alterations in Kuwait have quickly sped up since the oil roar that started in 1950 ‘s. Right before the super richness which was caused by oil, Kuwait as a state was one of the poorest provinces both technologically and economically ; the people from Kuwait majorly lived and survived on activities such as trading, crowding, pearling and fishing. The decennaries following the development in Kuwait after 1950 ‘s attracted many immigrants particularly those from poorer provinces that include Arabs from the Middle East who wanted to be portion of Kuwait by Citizenship. As clip accelerated to a different Kuwaiti epoch, more and more developments were established as the native Kuwaitis led much comfy lives in urbanisation, therefore go forthing most of the labour work to the aliens who were more of labourers. Early instruction foundation was based on merely a few Quranic schools that provided majorly spiritual instructions and basic literacy in Arabic tuition at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the Middle East, Kuwait was one of the states that flagged the most sophisticated, generous, and comprehensive educational substructures that enabled a much extended instruction boosting in the state. Al Mubarakiyya school was founded in the twelvemonth 1912 as one of the most profound and modern educational establishments in Kuwait through support by merchandisers to provide clerks who at least had the basic cognition in Fieldss of commercialism, missive authorship and arithmetic. This was subsequently followed by debut of other topics in the course of study like geographics, history and art. English classs were foremost stated in the twelvemonth 1921 by Al Ahmadia School and shortly followed by the first misss ‘ school which was founded and established to offer instructions in pla ce economic sciences, Islamic surveies and Arabic. In the 1930 ‘s, the modern period of constitution of educational installations was initiated and on traveling ; this was after the pearling based desolation of the Kuwaiti ‘s economic system. In the twelvemonth 1935, public instruction was established after the instruction system was partially adopted for control by the Kuwaiti province. This chapter initiated the starting of new schools, directing of Kuwaiti pupils abroad for higher acquisition and besides initiation of an instruction mission by Palestine instructors. Among the schools which were founded, three of those schools merged a sum of 600 male childs, while the other primary schools were established for misss and were able to suit a sum of 140 misss. A twelvemonth subsequently in 1936, a section of instruction was instituted in order to supervise the running of the public schools, oversee foreign instructors from Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and Lebanon who were the innovators of the secondary instruction plan in Kuwait. By the twelvemonth 1945, a sum of 17 schools in the state were established. In the academic twelvemonth of 1954-1955, the first proficient school and the first kindergarten were established. This clearly shows the rapid acceleration of instruction installations in Kuwait since the twelvemonth 1950 ‘s. In the proficient college, the first twelvemonth saw adjustment of 80 pupils who were enrolled and an addition in figure classs which were bit by bit introduced as demand for more Fieldss of survey heightened. The educational developments continued pacing up as a new establishment for the blind was inaugurated in the twelvemonth 1956 with a sum of 36 students in registration records. This was non plenty since by the twelvemonth 1973, there were about 1,644 pupils who were identified to be in demand of particular installations for instruction. Some of these pupils include the blind, the deaf, and other disabled 1s. All these particular pupils were enrolled in 11 establishments which were specially designed for them in geting instruction as other normal pup ils. Adult instruction for adult females officially came underway in the twelvemonth 1963 ; this was a consequence of the bing similar plans for adult females though hibernating ( Meleis et al,1979 ) . This system saw uninterrupted registration of about 45,000 pupils of which 18,000 were misss. The instruction section of Kuwait was so officially inaugurated as the Education Ministry in the twelvemonth 1962. This constitution gave the instruction ministry full authorization to supervise and pull off all waies in instruction care and development over the decennaries. Kuwait ‘s province instruction has since progressed since the Kuwaiti subjects got involved in their instruction procedure twenty old ages back from the beginning of the millenary. This advancement made has been rather singular particularly in footings of exile to national ratio of instructors who were employed. In the twelvemonth 1982, there were 24,367 instructors in entire ; 6,478 instructors were Kuwaiti subjects. The academic twelvemonth of 1997-1998 saw sum of 27,359 instructors employed in public schools and an estimation of 10,000 instructors in private schools. Of the 27,359 instructors in public school, 17,357 instructors were Kuwaiti. The ratio of Kuwaiti instructors to deport 1s changed from about 1.7:1 from 1:3.76. The province of Kuwaiti managed to advance their instruction procedure by extensively increasing the figure of Kuwaiti instructors between the early 1880ss to the late 1890ss. The doubling of the Kuwaiti instructors between the 1880ss and the 1890ss has relieved the trust of foreign professional instructors in Kuwaiti schools. This was a great alteration but non good plenty since most of the Kuwaiti professional instructors were peculiarly in pattern at the lower degrees, largely the primary schools. The entry of male instructors in the profession besides saw many of them learning in primary schools. Kuwait ‘s transmutation into a modern state with singular instruction establishments has been so, thanks to the authorities ‘s early determination to administer the oil grosss to citizens through investing of instruction, societal public assistance, lodging and health care. The Kuwaiti instruction system is tailored to provide for the state ‘s demands. In their enterprise to guarantee that most of its citizens are educated, the Kuwaiti authorities has ensured that the instruction is provided free of charge. This has been the instance since 1966.In order to guarantee that the portion of national budget that is targeted towards the proviso of free instruction output good result in footings of raising the Kuwaiti Literacy degree, the authorities has made instruction to be compulsory for pupil aged 6-14. The Kuwaiti authorities has in its vision and committednesss the demand to supply its citizens with a stable and extremely educated human resource base. This is in an attempt to run into the societal challenges attributed to development challenges as outlined in their Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) .This is through the warrant of an instruction slot to each and every citizen who wishes to prosecute their instruction to whatever degree that they desire. It is rather apparent from the figure of schools entirely, the authorities ‘s committedness towards guaranting that the Kuwaiti population is decently educated. The general Kuwaiti instruction system is made up of simple, intermediate and secondary schooling systems. As of 1995, there were about 861 province and private establishments ( schools ) that fell into these classs. Once an person goes past these three basic degrees of instruction, they proceed to establishments of higher acquisition such as the Kuwait School and other educational centres where they learn assorted classs in assorted Fieldss of survey Cost of private schooling in Kuwait The private instruction in Kuwait makes a really important component of the Kuwaiti instruction system. There is a really strong authorities presence in the private schools in Kuwait. The private schools do inscribe about one tierce of kids at the simple level.The cost of private schooling in Kuwait was a preserve for the high income households merely before Kuwaiti was invaded by Saddam.This state of affairs has nevertheless changed and pupils from moderate and modest households besides do enroll in the private schools. This move is chiefly fueled by the sensed diminution in the quality of instruction in the public school system. Their chief attractive force is nevertheless pegged on the quality instruction that they desire for their kids. There is nevertheless state of affairss that necessitate the parents to return their kids to the public schooling system due to the addition in the school fees paid in the private schools in Kuwait. Some of these parents resort to this move despit e the handiness of loans to fund for their kids ‘s instruction ( Kuwaiti Times, 2007 ) Different pupils get enrolled in different schools majorly due to their degree of public presentations and their household income, this has ever been the inquiry asked largely and a major beginning of argument whether pupils in private schools are better than their opposite numbers in public schools. Several parents and defenders have developed the outlook that paying excess money for their childs ‘ instruction makes all the difference every bit far as quality and success in their kids ‘s instruction is concerned. With this sort of belief in being, more affluent parents or defenders prefer paying so as to procure good the hereafter of their kids in the private acquisition establishments. On the other manus, some parents, defenders, pupils and even college professors believe that instruction is by and large the same whether it is from a public establishment or a private 1. This depends on the attitude and mental readiness of the pupil towards their instruction and hereafte r. When comparing the public schools to the private 1s, it is rather obvious that the quality of instruction in private schools is much lower than those in public schools. This is chiefly reflected in the schemes used when viing for pupils. In public schools, there has ever been a scene of making which must be achieved by a pupil before being accepted for admittance ; this sort of admittance scene is designed to enable public schools act as monopolies whereby zero tuition fees for pupils with high abilities is initiated. When it comes to private schools, the manner of viing for pupils is non through the ability of a pupil but the fiscal capableness. This means low ability pupils can be admitted so long as they can pay for the private fee ; this has enabled many pupils to submit higher instruction, therefore boosts entire income in the economic system. Competition between private and public schools is determined by legion variables including exams taken every bit good as general monetary values in the establishments. An active function played by schools in puting the tests and the tuition fees determines the degree of quality of instruction provided. While public schools have ever maximized public excess. That is, the entire amount of pupils net incomes less the all the costs spent in supplying instruction, the private schools have ever aimed at maximising net incomes ; which is, all income generated by the pupils who have been admitted in the establishment less all the disbursals incurred in supplying instruction for the pupils in the schools. This clearly shows that private schools use monetary value as admittance policy so as to determine their sustainability in supplying better instruction, this is because money from pupils is fundamentally the lone support they use in running their establishments. Equally far as monetary value is concerned, there are fluctuations in pricing in different private schools depending on assorted factors of which educational quality is the most overriding. Thus the better the quality degree of a private school, the higher the tuition fees paid by the parents ( Tabora, 2008 ) . Students who attend public schools under public monopoly are fundamentally the same pupils who are admitted in these establishments under competition. These pupils have ever obtained similar quality in school in both instances. The being of private schools for higher has raised entire public assistance since pupils who have non been admitted in the public monopoly have been given a opportunity of fall ining the private schools and acquire educated. When detecting the market dividers in which both populace and private schools compete for pupils, there is a really alone equilibrium that exists in which the private schools are lower in quality than the public schools. Importance of schooling The construct of schooling was invented in order to authorise the human capital. Previous research on human capital has nevertheless been targeted on the quality and measure of returns that a individual obtains as a consequence of schooling. As advanced by Mincer in his outstanding and standard preparation, the sum of investing invested in a peculiar cause can be translated into assorted discernible differences that assorted from one person to the following ( Mincer, 1976 ) . Therefore, in instance the investing in an person ‘s instruction is considered to worsen on a additive graduated table, an all the sum of investing are considered to be forgone income, a really simple and direct correlativity can be derived between the net incomes and the old ages that an single spends while schooling. The application of the commonly available informations portrays that there is a characteristic that is high in all the schools allover the universe. Is really of import that the universe provide their citizens with the best degree of instruction. The importance of the human capital can non be overemphasized. This is because of the assorted additions that consequence of the gainful and discernible alterations that come with holding a population with a high literacy rate. Every state in the universe must hold its ain reliable and experient work force in order for it to win in its enterprises of being both crowned head and comfortable. This requires the single states to device their ain efficient and customized instruction system and course of study that would to the full take attention of its industrial and rational lacks. The investing in human capital hence really important for the success of every state. In certain instances nevertheless, it becomes important for certain sectors of a state ‘s economic system to necessitate specialist support from exiles. This is due to the fact that certain classs or instead instruction de mands are ne'er relevant or instead are ne'er to a great extent invested on in certain specialist countries of the economic system. Thus the demand for expatriate support in certain countries such as technology and other really proficient countries of the economic system. It is hence necessary for every authorities to be to a great extent involved in the instruction of its citizens. This is really applicable in about every state. There is nevertheless a generalizability that is used as an index of the function and importance of return fluctuation of schooling investing in different states across the Earth ( Psacharopoulos, 1994 ) . The exact function of authorities in instruction is nevertheless still capable to argument and is capable to assorted different positions. It is worthwhile to observe that a high returns on the schooling degree does non needfully connote that it is the function of authorities intercession that has subsequent resulted to the better academic output. However, in order to once and for all warrant the degree of authorities intercession, it is of import to take into history assorted parametric quantities that affect the educational outputs or instead result. For rather a long clip, the function of instruction to a given society h as been researched upon by assorted bookmans. The function of the authorities has been featured as one of the major determiners of the success in footings of schooling in the lives of the citizens. Kuwait for illustration has her authorities put in topographic point assorted mechanisms to guarantee that the citizens and aliens who attend its instruction system do acquire certain critical impressions and thoughts imparted upon them. Kuwait being a Muslim province, has most of its schooling demands tailored to run into the rigorous demands of the Muslim faith. In fact in earlier old ages, the regulations that govern schooling were really rigorous. The instruction of the miss kid for illustration was forbidden for a long clip. But subsequently on, partially due to the effects of Westernization, the instruction of the girl kid became recognized as one of the stairss toward a democratically balanced Kuwaiti society. The function of authorities intercession can nevertheless be justified u tilizing certain mechanisms such as market failure. Importance of resources handiness to the quality of instruction Several research workers have focused their attending to the of import function that is played by the handiness of resources to the success in the schooling procedure in assorted states. It is nevertheless really of import that the sum of resources that are devoted to the procedure of geting proper instruction can non be straight tied to the result of the assorted schooling procedures. In Kuwait for illustration, the private schools that are in kernel tally and managed by aliens are better equipped as compared to the public schools. The analysis that focuses on the function of resources in the result of schooling procedure is nevertheless capable to a batch of treatments and argument. This is because of the multivariate nature of the schooling procedure. Despite the contentions that surround the analysis, there is nevertheless a considerable sum of grounds that supports that fact that a positive correlativity exists. This is based on the minority of scholarly work that exposes a sign ificant and positive correlativity ( Schneider, 2002 ) . Other surveies nevertheless, are focused on the simple relationship between the resources and the result of the schooling procedure. In these surveies, a simple correlativity is devised in order to associate the causal factors and the results of the schooling procedure. The relationships that have been derived do non nevertheless have a systematic reappraisal but the causal factors do hold a certain degree of support in the reappraisal procedure. A proxy relationship can nevertheless be once and for all be justified as appropriate. The being of this stronger relationship that exists between the resources and other causal factors may be applicable. Factors such as the sum of wealth in a pupil ‘s household background may to a big extent be an influence and a major subscriber to the degree of pupil ‘s public presentation as a consequence of a dedication and proviso of more resources into the schooling of the pupil. The growing puting nevertheless, has no direct placeholder r elationship. In certain cases, hapless placeholders have nevertheless been assigned to the procedure of acquiring a correlativity between the sum of resources and the result of schooling ( Hanushek & A ; Kimko, 2000 ) . International schooling policies have been supported enormously and are now deriving increased income. Numerous arguments have been carried out and the statements have supported intercessions by the authorities based on spillovers which are as a consequence of the growing procedure in instruction. This is why the general endogenous growing theoretical account has clearly shown that instruction degree in an economic system influences the growing of a state. That is, if the instruction degree of an economic system is low, the growing of that peculiar state will decidedly drag unlike if the instruction degree is was higher. The construction of the endogenous development theoretical account brings in a spillover that people will non take into consideration their ain determination devising procedure. Empirical work carried out has underscored the virtues of schooling measure in these peculiar topographic points. The relationship between single net incomes and schooling have shown the most consistent and strongest support in instruction public presentation ; when an single utilizations ain money to finance schooling, the earnestness becomes utmost to the extent that exam public presentation of that person turns out to be rather delighting. While establishing trust on grounds that is limited, there has been rather promising support that exists on the importance of instruction and schooling in relation to effects of growing every bit good as the distribution of net incomes ( Gregorio, 1999 ) The economic effects as a consequence of differences in educational quality of secondary and simple schools are non good comprehended as the effects of measure, particularly in relation to the aggregative public presentation the state ‘s economic system. This hapless apprehension of the deductions of quality in instruction makes it hard to reflect measuring. It is really hard to exactly specify the quality of instruction since the term quality reflects the extent of an establishments knowledge base every bit good as the analytical accomplishments employed as the focal points of larning establishments. To decently construct the base of this treatment, this survey will trust on informations sourced from standardised tests of accomplishments in faculty members and pupil ‘s ability in instruction. Re lying on this information from standardised trials to reflect quality steps is controversial in a manner that there are spreads available in grounds and besides the emanated deci sions follow ( as stated below ) . All in all, these steps prove to be the most effectual indexs available of quality and have a relationship with the consequences that we positively satisfy us. Numerous research surveies have been carried out and documented in the field of labour markets which straight focus on personal differences when it comes to cognitive ability and effects in net incomes ( every bit good as modify the estimations of returns in footings of quality ) . 4. The latest direct research survey of cognitive accomplishment have recorded significant returns in the labour market has measured single fluctuations when it comes to cognitive accomplishment. For illustration, O'Neill ( 1990 ) , Murnane, Willett, and Levy ( 1995 ) , Bishop ( 1989, 1991 ) , Neal and Johnson ( 1996 ) , Currie and Thomas ( 2000 ) , Grogger and Eide ( 1993 ) , and Murnane et Al. ( 2000 ) each conclude that the net incomes advantages are rather significant when standardized trial are extremely achieved. These decisions have been extracted from assorted attacks. Bishop ( 1989 ) is much concerned about the mistakes that result in the most testing environments and stress on extreme attention when covering with that job since it has really dramatic effects on the estimated importance of the trial fluctuations. On the other manus, Grogger and Eide ( 1993 ) , O'Neill ( 1990 ) , Neal and Johnson ( 1996 ) , and Bishop ( 1991 ) have greatly put their trust on the latest labour market information every bit good as representative sampling which suggests that net incomes advantage to measured fluctuations in accomplishment is much greater than those of the earlier times and earlier research surveies ( even when dependability of the trial is non corrected. In Kuwait, merely like in other quickly-developing instruction systems, one chief sphere of involvement is guaranting that the quality of instruction that is offered by both private and public suppliers is up to criterions needed. This paper elaborates by manner of a thorough reappraisal the history of development of Kuwaiti instruction system since its induction. It considers several quality systems that are presently employed in other states in the Gulf States so as to place the effects of the instruction systems both private and public on the attitudes of the pupils towards schooling. Two chief consequences emerge from the present analysis. The first suggests that there are no important effects from category attending. The 2nd indicates that smaller categories do non interpret into additions in accomplishment. Other consequences include the deficiency of important equal effects and grounds of variableness in learning effects, which is, nevertheless ; besides non important. These findings need to be interpreted carefully. For case, the consequence of no attending effects may non needfully bespeak that attending does non count per Se: on the contrary, it can alternatively be the instance that attending does count but that the pupils in our informations take optimally how many categories to go to, so that fringy fluctuation around that attending degree does non interpret into any additions in footings of accomplishment. The mentality of the twenty-first century Kuwaiti instruction The Gulf States have undergone a figure of serious challenges both on their economic and political being. These legion challenges have been brought about by the prosperity and accelerated growing every bit good as the heightened degrees in societal services. There tends to be some kind of misrepresentation in some certain degrees when one looks at the external wealth and modernness of some of these Gulf States. For illustration, it is true that Kuwait as a state is in ownership of 9.5 % of the proved oil militias in the universe ( out of a combination of 64.9 % of all Gulf States ) and many of the Kuwaitis are really rich people thanks to their oil rich state. While this is so, the oil grosss in Kuwait are really modest when comparings are made to the gross domestic merchandise of the developed states of the universe. The fluctuating monetary values of oil have greatly influenced the dependability of development every bit good as long term planning ; this is so particularly when the monetary value per every barrel remains low on the universe market like it was in the 1880ss and the 1890ss. Harmonizing to dependable beginnings, surveies have shown that the low oil monetary values in 1980 ‘s was the cause of shortage budget operation by the Gulf States ; which was hardly the size of Switzerland ‘s GDP if they were combined i.e. ( U.A.E, Kuwait, Oman, Iran, Bahrain, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Qatar ) . The Gulf States wealth semblance is as a consequence of control of the oil militias by merely a manus full of people who easy entree the universe markets through exports in ships ; this clearly explains the long spread between the rich and the hapless ; which is bad for the economic system. These Gulf States have had to cover with the grapnels that affect their budgetary uncertainnesss in the oil markets. Some of these jobs are public sector laterality, seeable and concealed unemployment, hapless grosss for the immense populations, laterality of foreign workers among, and besides hapless engagement in the determination doing procedure with the exclusion of Kuwait which has an elected organic structure that represents it. The nucleus characteristic of this analysis, nevertheless, is how the quality of schooling influences the national and economic growing. It is obvious that schools ( no affair their geographical locations ) have legion fluctuations every bit far as cognition and general quality is concerned. These differences are ever really hard to cover with since the deductions for groking the nucleus issues are emphasized in this survey.BibliographyBishop, John. ( 1989 ) . Is the trial mark diminution responsible for the productiveness growing diminution? American Economic Review 79, no.1:178-197.Gregorio, J ( 1999 ) . Education and Income Distribution: New Evidence from Cross-country DataGrogger, J, & A ; Eric, E. ( 1993 ) . Changes in college accomplishments and the rise in the college pay premium. Journal of Human Resources 30, no.2 ( Jumping ) :280-310.Hannaway, J. ( 1991 ) . The organisation and direction of public and Catholic schools: Looking inside the black box. International Journal of Educational Research, 15:463-481.Hanushek, E.A. ( 1986 ) . The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools, Journal of Economic Literature 49 ( 3 ) , pp. 1141-1177.Kjeilen, T ( 2009 ) .Kuwaiti & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //lexicorient.com/e.o/kuwait.education.htm & gt ;Kuwaiti Times ( 2007 ) . Private school fees ‘heavy load ‘ . Published: April 15, 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php? newsid=OTA0MjIxODQ3Meleis, A, El-Sanabary, N & A ; Beeson, D ( 1979 ) . Women, Modernization, and Education in Kuwait Comparative Education Review, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( Feb. , 1979 ) , pp. 115-124Mincer, Jacob. ( 1970 ) . â€Å" The distribution of labour incomes: a study with particular mention to the human capital attack. † Journal of Economic Literature 8, no.1 ( March ) :1-26.Murnane, Richard J. , John B. Willett, Yves Duhaldeborde, and John H. Tyler. ( 2000 ) . â€Å" How of import are the cognitive accomplishments of adolescents in foretelling subsequent net incomes? † Journal of Policy Analysisand Management 19, no.4 ( Fall ) :547-568.Schneider, Mark. 2002. Make school installations affect academic results? Washington, D.C. : National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities. Retrieved August 8, 2003, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.edfacilities.org/pubs/outcomes.pdfTabora, J ( 2008 ) .Making Quality Higher Education More Accessible in the Philippines: Person Has To Pay the Price

Substance misusers

Identify and act upon immediate risk of danger to substance misuse's 1. 1 – Describe the range of different substances subject to misuse and their effects There Is a whole range of different substances and they all create different effects. Substances fit Into three different categories, with more than one category fitting some substances. The three categories are: Stimulants, Depressants and Hallucinogens. I will proceed to list the main substances, their effects, how they are taken and the category they fit into: Alkyl Nitrates (poppers, amyl nitrate, butyl nitrate, gibbously nitrate): Category:Hallucinogens Effect: Brief but intense head rush, flushed face and neck, effects fade after 2-5- minutes Form and how taken: Vapor which is breathed in through the mouth or nose or from a small bottle or tube. Amphetamines (speed, waltz, poet, belly, sulfate, crystal meet): Category: Stimulants Effect : Excitement, the mind races and users feel confident and energetic, suppresses app etite, smoking crystal meet will produce a more intense rush Form and how taken: Grey or white powder that is snorted, swallowed, smoked, injected or dissolved in a drink.Base is a strong version of the powder form and is white or yellowish in color and is usually swallowed or injected. Tablets which are swallowed. Crystal meet is crystalline and is smoked or injected. Anabolic Steroids (rods): Category: Users say the drugs make them feel more aggressive and able to train harder, helps build up muscle with exercise, helps users recover from strenuous exercise Form and how taken: Tablets that are swallowed or liquids that are injected BGP – Phenylalanine (BIZ, pep, pep love, pep twisted, pep stones, the good stuff, exodus, frenzy): Category:Causes effects similar to amphetamine but not as strong. When combined with other types of prissiness the effects seem to be compounded which gives a greater sense of euphoria – (effects can differ from pill to pill due to the nature of the chemical make-up) Form and how taken: Pills – many shapes, forms and colors – Often have Imprints such as fly, crown, heart and can often be sold as ecstasy Cannabis (Marijuana, weed, puff, skunk, blow, phonic, draw. Soapbox): Category: Users feel relaxed and talkative. May cause hilarity. Usually brings on cravings for food.Strong skunk can cause hallucinations. Form and how taken: A solid dark lump known as resin/hash or leaves, buds, stalks and seeds, or a sticky dark oil. Can be rolled either with or without tobacco in a Joint or smoked in a pipe, or eaten in a cake or biscuits. Cocaine and Crack (Cocaine, Charlie, coke, crack, wash, rock, white): Category: Sense of well-being alertness and confidence. For cocaine the effect can last for around 30 minutes, users are often left wishing for more. Crack has the same effects as cocaine but is much more intense and a much shorter high with a ore intense craving for more.Form and how taken: Cocaine – white powder that is snorted up the nose, dabbed on gums, swallowed and sometimes dissolved and injected. Crack – small raisin sized crystals which are smoked in a pipe Heroin (smack, gear, brown, H): Depressants Strong feeling of warmth, contentment and well-being (happy bubble) Form and how taken: Usually brown, sometimes white powder. Either smoked on foil or prepared for injection and injected. Ecstasy (E, doves, pills, burgers, disco biscuit, maturities, MADAM): Category: Users feel alert and in tune with their surroundings.Sound, color and emotions seem more intense. Users may dance for extended periods. Effects may last for 3 to 6 hours. Form and how used: Tablets of different shapes, size and color – often with some kind of logo on. Pure MADAM (the main ingredient in ecstasy pills) is a brown colored crystal and is crushed and snorted. Gases, glues and aerosols (lighter gas, aerosols containing products such as hairspray, deodorants and air fresheners, tins or tubes of glue, some paints, thinners and correcting fluids): Category:Hallucinogens Similar to being very drunk, also thick headed, dizzy, giggly, dreamy, and hallucinations Form and how used: Sniffed or breathed into the lungs from a cloth or sleeve. Gas products are sometimes squirted directly into the back of the throat. Alcohol: Disinherited, euphoria, loss of coordination and unconsciousness Form and how used:Drunk as a liquid Astatine (K, special K, vitamin K): in severe cases Form and how used: Legally produced as a liquid, illegally produced as a pill or grainy white powder – usually snorted or prepared for injection ND injected.Painlessness's (Valid, digamma, tempera, neutralize, planetarium, yellows, blues, smarmiest, bonzes, reopen, trains, Jellies, valise, mommies, roofers, downers): Long acting bonzes such as valid/digamma are commonly used for stress and anxiety management. Short acting ones such as tempera are often used for help with sleep. Used in detoxification w here there is risk of fitting. All cause a calm relaxed feeling or bring on sleep. Form and how used: Either swallowed as a pill, injected or used in a suppositoryOpiates (Methadone, codeine, Dehydrogenate (DIF 18), Diction, Petitioned, Opium, Morphine, Playful, Subtext – partial opiate): Category: Can be divided into long acting and short acting. SHort acting can depending on dose, give feelings of contentment and relief of distress that is also offered by heroin. Longer acting opiates such as methadone cause less euphoria and are mainly used to relieve symptoms of withdrawal. Form and how used: Pills – swallowed, linctuses – swallowed, enunciable preparations. GHB (GHB, Liquid Ecstasy, gammahydroxybutyrate, RE, rib, blue Juice, roofless, liquid E):Small amounts may cause happiness and distribution. Increasing amounts brings out depressant effects. Sometimes used for bodybuilding. Induces sleep and is often associated with rape. Form and how used: Odorless slig htly salty liquid. Concentration is variable so may be difficult to measure dosage – often mixed with a drink LSI (Acid, trip, tab, blotter, stars): Time distortion, perceptual changes, visual colors and patterns Form and how used: Usually a small tab of paper with a colorful pattern on – usually eaten or wiped around gums